Dab tsi yog bearing steel? Bearing steel yam ntxwv thiab kev xav tau

Nws yog cov hlau siv los tsim cov pob, cov menyuam thiab cov kabmob rings. Cov kabmob hlau, tseem hu ua high-carbon chrome steel, muaj li ntawm 1% carbon ωc thiab 0.5% -1.65% chromium ωcr. Cov kabmob steel kuj tau muab faib ua 6 pawg: high-carbon chromium bearing steel, chromium-free bearing steel, carburised bearing steel, stainless bearing steel, medium-high temperature bearing steel thiab antimagnetic bearing steel.

Cov kabmob steel muaj siab thiab tsis sib xws hardness thiab hnav tsis kam, nrog rau siab elastic txwv. Cov kev cai rau kev sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kabmob steel, cov ntsiab lus thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau, thiab kev faib cov carbides yog nruj heev, thiab nws yog ib qho ntawm cov qib steel xav tau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hlau ntau lawm.

Cov kabmob steel yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov kabmob dov, dov cov khoom, cov menyuam thiab lub tes tsho thiab lwm yam hlau, kuj tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim cov ntsuas ntsuas, txias punching pwm, tshuab cuab yeej screws, xws li punching pwm, gauges, kais dej thiab diesel. roj twj, precision coupling qhov chaw. Cov kabmob steel yog siv los ua cov pob, cov menyuam thiab cov kabmob ntawm cov hlau.

Cov kabmob steel txheej txheem kev kho cua sov ua ntej kev kho cua sov thiab kev kho cua sov zaum kawg ob lub ntsiab txuas.GCr15 steel yog cov kabmob steel yog siv dav tshaj plaws ntawm cov kabmob steel, cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj alloy thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov pa roj carbon chromium bearing steel.GCr15 bearing steel tom qab kev kho cua sov muaj siab thiab uniform hardness, zoo hnav tsis kam, siab tiv taus qaug zog ua haujlwm.

Annealing

(1) ua kom tiav annealing thiab isothermal annealing: ua tiav annealing, tseem hu ua recrystallisation annealing, feem ntau hu ua annealing, no annealing yog tsuas yog siv rau sub-eutectic muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ntau yam carbon thiab alloy steel castings, forgings thiab kub dov profiles. , thiab qee zaum siv rau cov qauv welded. Feem ntau feem ntau raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm unimportant workpiece kawg thaum tshav kub kub kev kho mob, los yog raws li ib tug pre-heat kev kho mob ntawm ib co workpieces.

(2) spheroidal annealing: spheroidal annealing yog tsuas yog siv rau over-eutectic carbon steel thiab alloy cuab yeej hlau (xws li kev tsim cov cuab yeej edged, gauges, pwm thiab tuag siv hauv cov hlau). Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txo qhov hardness, txhim kho lub machinability, thiab npaj rau yav tom ntej quenching.

(3) kev ntxhov siab nyem annealing: kev ntxhov siab nyem annealing, tseem hu ua low-temperature annealing (los yog high-temperature tempering), qhov annealing no tsuas yog siv los tshem tawm cov castings, forgings, weldments, kub dov qhov chaw, txias-drawn qhov chaw, xws li residual stress. Yog tias cov kev ntxhov siab no tsis raug tshem tawm, yuav ua rau cov hlau tom qab qee lub sijhawm, lossis hauv cov txheej txheem txiav tom ntej los tsim deformation lossis tawg.

Hardening

Cov txheej txheem coj los ua kom tawv tawv, feem ntau yog ua kom sov, tuav, ceev txias. Cov khoom siv cua txias tshaj plaws yog brine, dej thiab roj. Cov dej ntsev quenching ntawm lub workpiece, yooj yim kom tau siab hardness thiab du nto, tsis yooj yim rau tsim quenching tsis yog ib qho nyuaj mos qhov chaw, tab sis nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau lub workpiece deformation yog loj, thiab txawm tawg. Kev siv cov roj ua cov quenching nruab nrab tsuas yog tsim nyog rau quenching qee cov hlau hlau lossis cov pa roj carbon me me uas muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm supercooled austenite.

Tempering

(1) txo brittleness, tshem tawm lossis txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, steel quenching muaj ntau qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab brittleness, xws li tsis raws sij hawm tempering yuav feem ntau ua rau cov hlau qhov deformation los yog tawg.

(2) kom tau txais cov khoom tsim nyog ntawm lub workpiece, lub workpiece tom qab quenching siab hardness thiab brittleness, thiaj li ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm ntau yam workpieces, tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm qhov tsim nyog tempering ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm hardness. , txo cov brittleness, thiab tau qhov yuav tsum tau toughness, plasticity.

(3) Stabilize qhov loj ntawm lub workpiece

(4) rau annealing nyuaj rau soften tej alloy steels, nyob rau hauv lub quenching (los yog normalising) yog feem ntau siv tom qab high-temperature tempering, thiaj li hais tias cov hlau carbide zoo aggregation, lub hardness yuav raug txo, thiaj li yuav pab tau txiav thiab ua.

① Cov kev cai ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Cov kabmob dav dav hlau feem ntau yog cov pa roj carbon chromium bearing steel, uas yog, cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm li 1%, ntxiv txog 1.5% ntawm chromium, thiab muaj ib qho me me ntawm manganese, silicon cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau tshaj eutectic. Chromium tuaj yeem txhim kho cov kev kho cua sov, txhim kho cov hardenability, lub koom haum uniformity, tempering stability, thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho cov hlau xeb thiab kev sib tsoo.

Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov ntsiab lus chromium ntau tshaj 1.65%, qhov quenching yuav ua rau kom cov austenite seem nyob rau hauv cov hlau, txo cov hardness thiab dimension stability, ua rau kom cov tsis sib xws ntawm carbides, txo qhov cuam tshuam toughness thiab qaug zog ntawm steel. Vim li no, cov ntsiab lus chromium nyob rau hauv high-carbon chromium bearing steel feem ntau tswj qis dua 1,65%. Tsuas yog kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kabmob steel, txhawm rau kom tau txais los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov kom tau raws li cov kabmob ntawm lub koom haum thiab hardness.

② Cov kev xav tau ntawm qhov raug siab dua, rau kev siv kub dov annealed bar forged ntawm lub tshuab ua kom siab ceev, yuav tsum muaj cov kev xav tau siab dua rau nws qhov raug.

Rolling bearing steel yuav tsum siab dua qhov tseeb ntawm cov hlau, qhov no yog vim tias feem ntau ntawm cov kabmob yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding. Txhawm rau kom txuag tau cov ntaub ntawv thiab txhim kho cov khoom tsim tau, feem ntau ntawm cov kabmob rings yog tsim los ntawm forging, steel npas yog tsim los ntawm lub taub hau txias lossis kub dov, thiab cov menyuam me me kuj yog tsim los ntawm lub taub hau txias. Yog tias qhov tseeb qhov tseeb ntawm cov hlau tsis siab, nws tsis tuaj yeem suav qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv tawm, tsis yog kev lees paub cov khoom zoo ntawm cov kabmob, thiab nws kuj yog ib qho yooj yim los ua kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom thiab pwm.

③ Tshwj xeeb nruj purity yuav tsum.

Lub purity ntawm hlau yog hais txog tus nqi ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau nyob hauv cov hlau, qhov siab dua qhov purity, qhov tsawg dua cov hlau tsis muaj hlau. Cov kabmob steel oxides, silicates thiab lwm yam teeb meem suav nrog yog lub ntsiab ua rau qaug zog thaum ntxov bearing spalling, txo cov kabmob lub neej. Hauv particular, nkig inclusions yog qhov teeb meem tshaj plaws, vim yog cov txheej txheem ua tau yooj yim tev tawm ntawm cov hlau matrix, cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov kabmob tom qab ua tiav. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txhim kho lub neej kev pabcuam thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov kabmob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev suav nrog hauv cov kabmob steel.

④ nruj me ntsis sij hawm lub koom haum thiab micro (siab lub sij hawm) lub koom haum yuav tsum tau.

Cov kabmob steel tsawg lub sijhawm lub koom haum hais txog kev laxity, central laxity thiab cais, micro (siab lub sijhawm) lub koom haum suav nrog steel annealing organisation, carbide reticulation, banding thiab kua nag lossis daus, thiab lwm yam. Carbide nag lossis daus yog nyuaj thiab nkig, thiab nws yog raws li teeb meem raws li brittle inclusions. Reticulated carbides txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau, thiab ua rau lub koom haum tsis sib xws, yooj yim rau deform thiab tawg thaum quenching. Banded carbides cuam tshuam rau lub koom haum annealed thiab quenched tempering thiab tiv tauj lub zog qaug zog. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub sijhawm qis thiab siab lub koom haum muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm dov bearings, yog li muaj cov kev cai nruj rau lub sijhawm qis thiab siab lub koom haum nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv bearing qauv.

⑤ Cov kev cai nruj me ntsis rau qhov tsis xws luag thiab sab hauv.

Rau cov kabmob steel, qhov tsis xws luag muaj xws li cov kab nrib pleb, slag entrapment, burrs, nti, oxide daim tawv nqaij, thiab lwm yam, thiab sab hauv muaj xws li shrinkage, npuas, dawb me ntsis, loj xoob thiab sib cais. Cov kev tsis zoo no muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kabmob, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kabmob thiab lub neej, nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv bearing kom meej meej qhia tias cov kev tsis zoo no tsis raug tso cai.

(6) Cov kev cai nruj carbide inhomogeneity.

Nyob rau hauv cov kabmob steel, yog tias muaj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm carbide tis, nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau lub koom haum tsis sib xws thiab hardness thaum kho cua sov thiab ua, thiab lub koom haum inhomogeneity ntawm steel muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua ntawm kev sib cuag qaug zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov hnyav carbide tsis sib xws kuj yog ib qho yooj yim los ua kom cov kabmob hauv qhov quenching thiab txias tawg, carbide tsis sib xws kuj tseem yuav ua rau txo lub neej ntawm cov kabmob yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov kabmob cov qauv, qhov sib txawv specifications ntawm cov hlau. muaj cov cai tshwj xeeb meej.

(7) nruj decarburisation txheej txheej qhov tob yuav tsum tau.

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlau decarburisation txheej txheem muaj cov kev cai nruj, yog tias cov txheej txheem decarburisation ntau tshaj li cov qauv kev cai ntawm qhov ntau, thiab hauv kev kho cua sov ua ntej cov txheej txheem tsis raug tshem tawm tag nrho, tom qab ntawd hauv kev kho cua sov txheej txheem quenching yog nquag. los tsim quenching kab nrib pleb, uas ua rau lub scrapping ntawm qhov chaw.

⑧ lwm yam kev xav tau.

Nyob rau hauv cov kabmob steel cov qauv, bearing steel smelting txoj kev, oxygen cov ntsiab lus, annealing hardness, puas, seem seem, txim kuaj, xa raws li txoj cai, cim thiab lwm yam kev cai nruj.